Social & Economic Measures of Development
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AP Human Geography › Social & Economic Measures of Development
The Human Development Index (HDI) measures the development of countries based on statistical data of life expectancy, education, and income. While this data is collected country by country, the data can reflect entire regions in a range from very high human development to low human development.
Which of the following regions of the world has the lowest ranking human development on the HDI?
Sub-Saharan Africa
Australia
South America
Western Europe
North America
Explanation
Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest HDI out of any region in the world. It contains mostly underdeveloped countries. Due to the AIDS/HIV virus, this region of the world has the lowest life-expectancy rate, which greatly affects the level of education, income, and overall HDI.
North America, Western Europe, and Australia are the three highest ranked developed regions of the world.
South America, while having some countries that are low on the HDI, overall ranks in the middle of the HDI with some countries reaching the higher levels of the HDI.
The Human Development Index (HDI) measures the development of countries based on statistical data of life expectancy, education, and income. While this data is collected country by country, the data can reflect entire regions in a range from very high human development to low human development.
Which of the following regions of the world has the lowest ranking human development on the HDI?
Sub-Saharan Africa
Australia
South America
Western Europe
North America
Explanation
Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest HDI out of any region in the world. It contains mostly underdeveloped countries. Due to the AIDS/HIV virus, this region of the world has the lowest life-expectancy rate, which greatly affects the level of education, income, and overall HDI.
North America, Western Europe, and Australia are the three highest ranked developed regions of the world.
South America, while having some countries that are low on the HDI, overall ranks in the middle of the HDI with some countries reaching the higher levels of the HDI.
The highest crude death rates are found in countries in which stage of the Demographic Transition Model?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
Explanation
According to the Demographic Transition Model, Stage 1 is defined by very high birth rates and death rates. As countries transition to Stage 2, the death rate begins to fall, while the birth rate lags and continues to remain high. In Stage 3, the death rate falls more slowly while the birth rate falls steadily. Moving into Stage 4, the birth rate falls more slowly and the death rate is low and stable. In Stage 5, the final stage, death rates remain low and birth rates may drop further, leading to a slow decrease in population.
How does the Gross Domestic Product differ from the Gross National Product?
The Gross National Product takes into account foreign investments; the Gross Domestic Product does not.
The Gross Domestic Product takes into account foreign investments; the Gross National Product does not.
The Gross Domestic Product takes into account purchasing power; the Gross National Product does not.
The Gross National Product takes into account purchasing power; the Gross Domestic Product does not.
The Gross Domestic Product takes into account degradation of natural resources; The Gross National product does not.
Explanation
The Gross Domestic Product is very similar to Gross National Product except for one important distinction, the Gross National product takes into account foreign investments, whereas the Gross Domestic Product does not. For this reason most economic geographers consider the Gross National Product to be a slightly more useful statistic than the Gross Domestic Product.
The highest crude death rates are found in countries in which stage of the Demographic Transition Model?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
Explanation
According to the Demographic Transition Model, Stage 1 is defined by very high birth rates and death rates. As countries transition to Stage 2, the death rate begins to fall, while the birth rate lags and continues to remain high. In Stage 3, the death rate falls more slowly while the birth rate falls steadily. Moving into Stage 4, the birth rate falls more slowly and the death rate is low and stable. In Stage 5, the final stage, death rates remain low and birth rates may drop further, leading to a slow decrease in population.
How does the Gross Domestic Product differ from the Gross National Product?
The Gross National Product takes into account foreign investments; the Gross Domestic Product does not.
The Gross Domestic Product takes into account foreign investments; the Gross National Product does not.
The Gross Domestic Product takes into account purchasing power; the Gross National Product does not.
The Gross National Product takes into account purchasing power; the Gross Domestic Product does not.
The Gross Domestic Product takes into account degradation of natural resources; The Gross National product does not.
Explanation
The Gross Domestic Product is very similar to Gross National Product except for one important distinction, the Gross National product takes into account foreign investments, whereas the Gross Domestic Product does not. For this reason most economic geographers consider the Gross National Product to be a slightly more useful statistic than the Gross Domestic Product.
Which of these is least strongly correlated with Gross National Product?
Gender equity
Literacy
Income
Life expectancy
None of these are strongly correlated with Gross National Product.
Explanation
In truth all of these are extremely strongly correlated with Gross National Product. But, income (obviously), life expectancy, and literacy rates are all more strongly correlated than is gender equity. This is because some countries, such as Italy in Europe, much of the Middle East, and Japan score far higher on measures like Gross National Product than they do on gender equity.
Which of these is least strongly correlated with Gross National Product?
Gender equity
Literacy
Income
Life expectancy
None of these are strongly correlated with Gross National Product.
Explanation
In truth all of these are extremely strongly correlated with Gross National Product. But, income (obviously), life expectancy, and literacy rates are all more strongly correlated than is gender equity. This is because some countries, such as Italy in Europe, much of the Middle East, and Japan score far higher on measures like Gross National Product than they do on gender equity.
Which of the following best describes the birth and mortality rates in Stage 3 of a demographic transition?
The birth rate is sharply declining while the mortality rate is declining but has started to level off.
Both the birth and mortality rates are declining sharply.
The birth rate has begun to decline sharply but the mortality rate has stabilized and is not showing much change.
The birth and mortality rates have both declined and stabilized.
The birth rate has remained consistently high, while the death rate has plummeted and stabilized at a low rate.
Explanation
Stage 3 of the demographic transition is the continuation of Stage 2, where the birth rate has begun to decline sharply while the mortality rate continues to decline but has begun leveling off. The continued decline in the death rate can be attributed to the increased presence of healthcare and medical facilities in matured industrial societies. The sharp decline in birth rates is attributed to the increase in accessible education for women, which tends to happen in industrialized societies.
Which of the following best describes the birth and mortality rates in Stage 3 of a demographic transition?
The birth rate is sharply declining while the mortality rate is declining but has started to level off.
Both the birth and mortality rates are declining sharply.
The birth rate has begun to decline sharply but the mortality rate has stabilized and is not showing much change.
The birth and mortality rates have both declined and stabilized.
The birth rate has remained consistently high, while the death rate has plummeted and stabilized at a low rate.
Explanation
Stage 3 of the demographic transition is the continuation of Stage 2, where the birth rate has begun to decline sharply while the mortality rate continues to decline but has begun leveling off. The continued decline in the death rate can be attributed to the increased presence of healthcare and medical facilities in matured industrial societies. The sharp decline in birth rates is attributed to the increase in accessible education for women, which tends to happen in industrialized societies.