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(1) Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur. (2) Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit. (3) Horum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae, propterea quod a cultu atque humanitate provinciae longissime absunt, minimeque ad eos mercatores saepe commeant atque ea quae ad effeminandos animos pertinent important, (4) proximique sunt Germanis, qui trans Rhenum incolunt, quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt. Qua de causa Helvetii quoque reliquos Gallos virtute praecedunt, quod fere cotidianis proeliis cum Germanis contendunt, cum aut suis finibus eos prohibent aut ipsi in eorum finibus bellum gerunt. (5) Eorum una pars, quam Gallos obtinere dictum est, initium capit a flumine Rhodano, continetur Garumna flumine, Oceano, finibus Belgarum, attingit etiam ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, vergit ad septentriones. (6) Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur, pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et orientem solem. (7) Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis et septentriones.
What is the correct translation of quod (part 4)?
Because
Which
That
What?
Explanation
The context of this passage tells you that quod is not being used as a relative pronoun in this line, meaning it is the conjunction meaning "because." The other two options are not translations of quod.
Passage adapted from De Bello Gallico by Caesar, I. 1-7
Ni te plus oculis meis amarem,
iucundissime Calve, munere isto
odissem te odio Vatiniano:
nam quid feci ego quidve sum locutus,
cur me tot male perderes poetis? 5
isti di mala multa dent clienti,
qui tantum tibi misit impiorum.
quod si, ut suspicor, hoc novum ac repertum
munus dat tibi Sulla litterator,
non est mi male, sed bene ac beate, 10
quod non dispereunt tui labores.
di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum!
quem tu scilicet ad tuum Catullum
misti, continuo ut die periret,
Saturnalibus, optimo dierum! 15
non non hoc tibi, false, sic abibit.
nam si luxerit ad librariorum
curram scrinia, Caesios, Aquinos,
Suffenum, omnia colligam venena.
ac te his suppliciis remunerabor. 20
vos hinc interea valete abite
illuc, unde malum pedem attulistis,
saecli incommoda, pessimi poetae.
What type of use of the subjunctive is represented by "amarem" in line 1?
Potential
Jussive
Purpose
Causal
Explanation
The verb "amarem"should be translated with the word "should" or "may."It is indicating the possibility of loving or not loving. This independent use of the subjunctive is called "potential" because it indicates the potential of something to happen or not happen.
(Passage adapted from "Catullus 14," ln.1-23)
Lesbia mi praesente viro mala plurima dicit:
haec illi fatuo maxima laetitia est.
mule, nihil sentis? si nostri oblita taceret,
sana esset: nunc quod gannit et obloquitur,
non solum meminit, sed, quae multo acrior est res, 5
irata est. hoc est, uritur et loquitur.
What is the case of "mala" in line 1?
Accusative
Nominative
Ablative
Vocative
Explanation
The word "mala" is an adjective describing the word "plurima" in this sentence. Identifying the case of this word is a bit tricky, since "plurima"is a substantive (an adjective acting as a noun), therefore, the case is a bit dubious. It is common, however, for Latin authors to use the neuter form of an adjective when using it as a substantive. This is the case here, which means that "plurima" has to be accusative plural, since the subject is in the singular.
Passage adapted from "Carmen 83" by Gaius Valerius Catullus
Consedere duces et vulgi stante corona
surgit ad hos clipei dominus septemplicis Aiax,
utque erat inpatiens irae, Sigeia torvo
litora respexit classemque in litore vultu
intendensque manus 'agimus, pro Iuppiter!' inquit 5
'ante rates causam, et mecum confertur Ulixes!
How should "consedere" in line 1 be translated?
They sat down
To sit
To stop
You are stopped
Explanation
The word "consedere" comes from "consido, considere, consedi, concessus," which means to sit down together (to make a decision or hold a conference). "Consedere" is the syncopated form of "consederunt," which translates as they sat down. The syncopated form can be recognized because the infinitive-looking ending ("-ere") is on the end of the perfect stem (_"_consed-").
(Passage adapted from Ovid's Metamorphoses 8.1-6)
1 Quod genus hoc hominum? Quaeve hunc tam barbara morem
2 permittit patria? Hospitio prohibemur harenae;
3 bella cient, primaque vetant consistere terra.
4 Si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma
5 at sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi.
6 Rex erat Aeneas nobis, quo iustior alter,
7 nec pietate fuit, nec bello maior et armis.
A rhetorical device found in line 7 is .
pleonasm
metaphor
tmesis
prolepsis
Explanation
The answer is "pleonasm," or the use of superfluous words. Ilioneus specifies that Aeneas is strong in "bello" and "armis," which both refer to war in Latin. Either one would have been enough to complete the meaning. The other choices are not present: "metaphor" is identifying one thing as an unrelated thing for literary or rhetorical effect, "tmesis" refers to the separation of a compound word into two parts, and "prolepsis" is the use of a word sooner than it should appear.
(Passage adapted from The Aeneid of Vergil 1. 539-546)
Dignane, cui grates ageret, cui turis honorem
ferret, Adoni, fui? nec grates inmemor egit,
nec mihi tura dedit. subitam convertor in iram,
contemptuque dolens, ne sim spernenda futuris,
exemplo caveo meque ipsa exhortor in ambos: 5
templa, deum Matri quae quondam clarus Echion
fecerat ex voto, nemorosis abdita silvis,
transibant, et iter longum requiescere suasit;
illic concubitus intempestiva cupido
occupat Hippomenen a numine concita nostro. 10
luminis exigui fuerat prope templa recessus,
speluncae similis, nativo pumice tectus,
religione sacer prisca, quo multa sacerdos
lignea contulerat veterum simulacra deorum;
hunc init et vetito temerat sacraria probro. 15
The -ne at the end of "digna" in line 1 means .
indicates a question
nothing
or
not
Explanation
The ending "-ne" is often added to the end of a word (usually the first or last word in a sentence) in order to indicate a question.
(Passage adapted from Ovid's Metamorphoses 10.681-696)
Lesbia mi praesente viro mala plurima dicit:
haec illi fatuo maxima laetitia est.
mule, nihil sentis? si nostri oblita taceret,
sana esset: nunc quod gannit et obloquitur,
non solum meminit, sed, quae multo acrior est res, 5
irata est. hoc est, uritur et loquitur.
What is the case of "mala" in line 1?
Accusative
Nominative
Ablative
Vocative
Explanation
The word "mala" is an adjective describing the word "plurima" in this sentence. Identifying the case of this word is a bit tricky, since "plurima"is a substantive (an adjective acting as a noun), therefore, the case is a bit dubious. It is common, however, for Latin authors to use the neuter form of an adjective when using it as a substantive. This is the case here, which means that "plurima" has to be accusative plural, since the subject is in the singular.
Passage adapted from "Carmen 83" by Gaius Valerius Catullus
Aeneas miratus enim motusque tumultu
'dic,' ait, 'o virgo, quid vult concursus ad amnem?
quidve petunt animae? vel quo discrimine ripas
hae linquunt, illae remis vada livida verrunt?'
olli sic breviter fata est longaeva sacerdos: 5
'Anchisa generate, deum certissima proles,
Cocyti stagna alta vides Stygiamque paludem,
di cuius iurare timent et fallere numen.
haec omnis, quam cernis, inops inhumataque turba est . . .
"Dic"(line 2) translates as which of the following?
Tell
He says
She tells
They told
Explanation
The form "dic" comes from the verb "dico, dicere, dixi, dictus,"and is the imperative form (command). The most appropriate translation here is tell.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 6.317-325)
inter quas Phoenissa recens a vulnere Dido
errabat silva in magna; quam Troius heros
ut primum iuxta stetit agnovitque per umbras
obscuram, qualem primo qui surgere mense
aut videt aut vidisse putat per nubila lunam, 5
demisit lacrimas dulcique adfatus amore est:
'infelix Dido, verus mihi nuntius ergo
venerat exstinctam ferroque extrema secutam?
funeris heu tibi causa fui? per sidera iuro,
per superos et si qua fides tellure sub ima est, 10
inuitus, regina, tuo de litore cessi.
The "-que"in line 3 connects which of the following?
"Agnovit" and "stetit"
"Agnovit" and "umbras"
"Agnovit" and "iuxta"
"Agnovit" and "primum"
Explanation
The enclitic "-que"acts as a connector of the word it is attached to and a word that precedes it. "-Que" is being used to connect two actions in this sentence: "agnovit"and "stetit."
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 6.450-460)
Ni te plus oculis meis amarem,
iucundissime Calve, munere isto
odissem te odio Vatiniano:
nam quid feci ego quidve sum locutus,
cur me tot male perderes poetis? 5
isti di mala multa dent clienti,
qui tantum tibi misit impiorum.
quod si, ut suspicor, hoc novum ac repertum
munus dat tibi Sulla litterator,
non est mi male, sed bene ac beate, 10
quod non dispereunt tui labores.
di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum!
quem tu scilicet ad tuum Catullum
misti, continuo ut die periret,
Saturnalibus, optimo dierum! 15
non non hoc tibi, false, sic abibit.
nam si luxerit ad librariorum
curram scrinia, Caesios, Aquinos,
Suffenum, omnia colligam venena.
ac te his suppliciis remunerabor. 20
vos hinc interea valete abite
illuc, unde malum pedem attulistis,
saecli incommoda, pessimi poetae.
What type of use of the subjunctive is represented by "amarem" in line 1?
Potential
Jussive
Purpose
Causal
Explanation
The verb "amarem"should be translated with the word "should" or "may."It is indicating the possibility of loving or not loving. This independent use of the subjunctive is called "potential" because it indicates the potential of something to happen or not happen.
(Passage adapted from "Catullus 14," ln.1-23)