This question is describing a scenario in which a ray of monochromatic light is being refracted by passing from air into glass. We're then asked to determine which parameter of the light does not change.

First of all, let's review what refraction is. Refraction is an event that happens whenever light passes from one medium into another medium. In doing so, the ray bends. This bending of light is due to the fact that the speed of light changes depending on the medium in which it is traveling.

As the light crosses from the air and into the glass, its speed is slowed down. This is because glass is denser than air. Also, since the speed of light is a function of both wavelength and frequency, then one or both of these variables must change. The frequency remains unchanged while the wavelength becomes altered. One way to think about this is by applying conservation of energy. If the frequency changed, then the energy of the light would also change. However, the energy of the light remains unchanged during refraction. Thus, only the wavelength and the speed change.

Since frequency remains the same, we also know that the period will stay the same, since period is just the inverse of frequency. Also, as was mentioned above, energy will not change because energy is a function of frequency.

This question is describing a scenario in which a ray of monochromatic light is being refracted by passing from air into glass. We're then asked to determine which parameter of the light does not change.

First of all, let's review what refraction is. Refraction is an event that happens whenever light passes from one medium into another medium. In doing so, the ray bends. This bending of light is due to the fact that the speed of light changes depending on the medium in which it is traveling.

As the light crosses from the air and into the glass, its speed is slowed down. This is because glass is denser than air. Also, since the speed of light is a function of both wavelength and frequency, then one or both of these variables must change. The frequency remains unchanged while the wavelength becomes altered. One way to think about this is by applying conservation of energy. If the frequency changed, then the energy of the light would also change. However, the energy of the light remains unchanged during refraction. Thus, only the wavelength and the speed change.

Since frequency remains the same, we also know that the period will stay the same, since period is just the inverse of frequency. Also, as was mentioned above, energy will not change because energy is a function of frequency.

We are being told that two cars are moving towards one another, and one of the cars is emitting a sound at a certain frequency. The other car will, in turn, perceive this sound at a different frequency because both cars are moving relative to one another. Therefore, we can classify this problem as one involving the concept of the Doppler effect.

Since the two cars are moving towards one another, we can conclude that the observed frequency should be greater than the source frequency. In order to make that true, we'll need to add in the numerator above, and subtract in the denominator.

But we're not done yet. The question is asking for the perceived wavelength, not the perceived frequency. Hence, we'll need to convert frequency into wavelength using the following formula:

We are being told that two cars are moving towards one another, and one of the cars is emitting a sound at a certain frequency. The other car will, in turn, perceive this sound at a different frequency because both cars are moving relative to one another. Therefore, we can classify this problem as one involving the concept of the Doppler effect.

Since the two cars are moving towards one another, we can conclude that the observed frequency should be greater than the source frequency. In order to make that true, we'll need to add in the numerator above, and subtract in the denominator.

But we're not done yet. The question is asking for the perceived wavelength, not the perceived frequency. Hence, we'll need to convert frequency into wavelength using the following formula:

Here, we need to use the Doppler effect equation:

Where refers to the wavelength difference between the two sources, is the laboratory wavelength, is the speed of the source, and is the speed of light.

Now, let's plug in all of the values:

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Because the wavelength has been shifted to longer wavelengths (the number is larger than the rest wavelength down on Earth), we say the object is redshifted. Therefore, the source (the galaxy) is moving away from Earth at this speed.

Here, we need to use the Doppler effect equation:

Where refers to the wavelength difference between the two sources, is the laboratory wavelength, is the speed of the source, and is the speed of light.

Now, let's plug in all of the values:

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Because the wavelength has been shifted to longer wavelengths (the number is larger than the rest wavelength down on Earth), we say the object is redshifted. Therefore, the source (the galaxy) is moving away from Earth at this speed.

For this question, we need to consider wave characteristics. Specifically, we need to determine how a decrease in the frequency of a wave will alter its wavelength, period, and amplitude.

First, let's consider the period of the wave. The period is defined as the amount of time needed for one complete cycle of the wave to occur. Conversely, frequency is defined as the number of wave cycles completed within a given time frame. As such, period and frequency are inversely related to one another, as the following expression shows:

Therefore, the period of the wave will certainly increase as the frequency of the wave decreases.

Now, let's take a look at wavelength. We need to recall the speed of a wave is defined in terms of its wavelength and frequency according to the following equation:

As we can see from the above equation, frequency is inversely related to wavelength, just as it is with period. Therefore, as the frequency of a wave decreases, the wavelength will indeed rise.

Finally, let's look at amplitude. The amplitude of a wave is the magnitude of the difference between the extremes of the wave and its equilibrium position. In transverse waves, such as a rope, the amplitude is the maximum displacement of a particle of that rope from its equilibrium position in the direction perpendicular to the propagation of the wave. In longitudinal waves, such as sound, the amplitude is the maximum displacement of the medium from its equilibrium position in the direction parallel to the propagation of the wave.

Because there is no relationship between amplitude and frequency, a decrease in a wave's frequency will have no effect on that wave's amplitude. Thus, for this question, only wavelength and period are increased due to a decreased frequency.

For this question, we need to consider wave characteristics. Specifically, we need to determine how a decrease in the frequency of a wave will alter its wavelength, period, and amplitude.

First, let's consider the period of the wave. The period is defined as the amount of time needed for one complete cycle of the wave to occur. Conversely, frequency is defined as the number of wave cycles completed within a given time frame. As such, period and frequency are inversely related to one another, as the following expression shows:

Therefore, the period of the wave will certainly increase as the frequency of the wave decreases.

Now, let's take a look at wavelength. We need to recall the speed of a wave is defined in terms of its wavelength and frequency according to the following equation:

As we can see from the above equation, frequency is inversely related to wavelength, just as it is with period. Therefore, as the frequency of a wave decreases, the wavelength will indeed rise.

Finally, let's look at amplitude. The amplitude of a wave is the magnitude of the difference between the extremes of the wave and its equilibrium position. In transverse waves, such as a rope, the amplitude is the maximum displacement of a particle of that rope from its equilibrium position in the direction perpendicular to the propagation of the wave. In longitudinal waves, such as sound, the amplitude is the maximum displacement of the medium from its equilibrium position in the direction parallel to the propagation of the wave.

Because there is no relationship between amplitude and frequency, a decrease in a wave's frequency will have no effect on that wave's amplitude. Thus, for this question, only wavelength and period are increased due to a decreased frequency.

In a vacuum, waves that travel at the speed of light propagate. Therefore, we need to determine which of the three types of waves have that speed. All parts of the electromagnetic spectrum travel at the speed of light (so X-ray and radio are true). Sound waves travel at the speed of sound, which is less than the speed of light. Therefore, that one is incorrect.

The process for the double-slit experiment consisted of a coherent light source aimed at a screen with a plate with two parallel slits in between them. The light traveled through each of the slits and had wave-interference (destructive and constructive interference) to produce bands of alternating light and dark along the screen. This result would not be expected if light consisted solely of particles, as was classically thought. This showed that light is a wave, because waves interfere in that manner. The light also was found to be hitting the screen at discrete points as individual particles (photons), with the alternating bands indicating the density of the particles that hit the screen. In versions of the experiment that featured detectors at the slits, the photon passed through a single slit (as would a particle) and not both (as would a wave). These outcomes demonstrate the wave-particle duality of light.