Confucianism is a philosophy that arose in China 2500 years ago. It is also sometimes called a religion. Confucianism’s primary tenets are a deep respect for ancestors and an obedience to legal tradition and order.

A government or military policy of deliberately killing a group of people based on social, religious, ethnic, or national reasons is called genocide. Genocides have occurred throughout human history but were particularly prominent in the twentieth century. The Holocaust was a genocide of Europe's Jews and Romani perpetrated by Nazi Germany. Hersey is speaking out against organized religious doctrine; to be ostracized means to be banished or sent away from a community; excommunication is a form of banishment carried out by the Catholic Church where individuals, or whole communities, can be shut off from the salvation provided by and through the Church.

The Magna Carta was a document signed between King John II and the English nobility in the thirteenth century. It was intended to prevent the King from abusing his power and aimed to protect certain rights of the nobility. It is often considered the beginning of English democracy and thus American democracy.

The Magna Carta was a document signed between King John II and the English nobility in the thirteenth century. It was intended to prevent the King from abusing his power and aimed to protect certain rights of the nobility. It is often considered the beginning of English democracy and thus American democracy.

The primary focus of this text is to explain how the mutual participation in games and festivals engendered a certain collective identity among the ancient Greek people. This is clear where, near the end of the passage, the author says that "although the four great festivals of which we have been speaking had no influence in promoting the political union of Greece, they nevertheless were of great importance in making the people feel that they were all members of one family, and in cementing them together by common sympathies and the enjoyment of common pleasures."

A government or military policy of deliberately killing a group of people based on social, religious, ethnic, or national reasons is called genocide. Genocides have occurred throughout human history but were particularly prominent in the twentieth century. The Holocaust was a genocide of Europe's Jews and Romani perpetrated by Nazi Germany. Hersey is speaking out against organized religious doctrine; to be ostracized means to be banished or sent away from a community; excommunication is a form of banishment carried out by the Catholic Church where individuals, or whole communities, can be shut off from the salvation provided by and through the Church.

In 1919, Woodrow Wilson was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work founding the League of Nations, although the League was hampered by the refusal of Wilson’s Congress to ratify American participation in the it.

The pilgrims who arrived in Massachusetts from Europe were fleeing religious persecution in England under King James I. They signed the Mayflower Compact which essentially stated they were an autonomous and self-governing people.

The Equal Protection clause states that no state within the union can deny any person the full and equal protection of its laws, particularly on the basis of race or other "arbitrary distinctions." It was passed in 1868, as part of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) is one of the most famous Supreme Court cases in American history. Certainly it is the most famous case of the civil rights era. It overturned the 1896 decision of Plessy v. Ferguson, which had originally ruled that segregation was legal under the "separate, but equal" idea. The Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that "separate but equal" segregation was inherently not equal and violated the Equal Protection Clause established in the Fourteenth Amendment.