Obstetrics and Gynecological Conditions
Help Questions
NCLEX-PN › Obstetrics and Gynecological Conditions
Which of the following is a possible cause of vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy?
All of these are correct
Spontaneous abortion/miscarriage
Cervical ectropion
Trophoblastic disease
Explanation
All of these could be possible reasons for bleeding in early pregnancy, including physiologic or implantation bleeding. Bleeding may indicate threatened miscarriage or other serious condition, or it may simply be due to the implantation of the embryo into the endometrium.
The nurse completes a cervical exam on her laboring patient. She determines that her patient's cervix is 1cm in length. How would the nurse describe this length?
effaced
effaced
effaced
effaced
effaced
Explanation
The normal cervical canal is 2cm in length. Effacement is the thinning of the cervix as the body prepares for delivery. Thus, a 2cm cervix is 0% effaced and a 0cm cervix is 100% effaced.
Which of the following is a possible cause of vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy?
All of these are correct
Spontaneous abortion/miscarriage
Cervical ectropion
Trophoblastic disease
Explanation
All of these could be possible reasons for bleeding in early pregnancy, including physiologic or implantation bleeding. Bleeding may indicate threatened miscarriage or other serious condition, or it may simply be due to the implantation of the embryo into the endometrium.
The nurse completes a cervical exam on her laboring patient. She determines that her patient's cervix is 1cm in length. How would the nurse describe this length?
effaced
effaced
effaced
effaced
effaced
Explanation
The normal cervical canal is 2cm in length. Effacement is the thinning of the cervix as the body prepares for delivery. Thus, a 2cm cervix is 0% effaced and a 0cm cervix is 100% effaced.
Which of the following terms denotes a menstrual cycle that is irregular, of shorter duration than normal, and of excessive volume or duration?
Menometrorrhagia
Metrorrhagia
Amenorrhea
Oligomenorrhea
Explanation
Menometrorrhagia is a term used to describe a menstrual cycle that is irregular, of shorter duration than normal, and of excessive volume or duration. Amenorrhea is the absence of a menstrual cycle. Metrorrhagia is a term for a menstrual cycle that is of normal flow duration and volume, but which is irregular and has a shorter-than normal cycle length. Oligomenorrhea describes a menstrual cycle that is longer than 35 days, often characterized by a prolonged follicular phase.
The nurse helps the healthcare team to deliver a healthy baby girl. Upon delivery of the placenta, the nurse notices that it is not 100% intact. What is the nurse's first concern?
Hemorrhage
Infection
Tissue perfusion
Deep vein thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
Explanation
If the placenta is not whole upon delivery, a piece may still be present in the uterus. This inhibits the ability of the uterus to shrink in size and may cause hemorrhage. The missing piece needs to be located immediately.
The nurse helps the healthcare team to deliver a healthy baby girl. Upon delivery of the placenta, the nurse notices that it is not 100% intact. What is the nurse's first concern?
Hemorrhage
Infection
Tissue perfusion
Deep vein thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
Explanation
If the placenta is not whole upon delivery, a piece may still be present in the uterus. This inhibits the ability of the uterus to shrink in size and may cause hemorrhage. The missing piece needs to be located immediately.
Which of the following terms denotes a menstrual cycle that is irregular, of shorter duration than normal, and of excessive volume or duration?
Menometrorrhagia
Metrorrhagia
Amenorrhea
Oligomenorrhea
Explanation
Menometrorrhagia is a term used to describe a menstrual cycle that is irregular, of shorter duration than normal, and of excessive volume or duration. Amenorrhea is the absence of a menstrual cycle. Metrorrhagia is a term for a menstrual cycle that is of normal flow duration and volume, but which is irregular and has a shorter-than normal cycle length. Oligomenorrhea describes a menstrual cycle that is longer than 35 days, often characterized by a prolonged follicular phase.
How can endometriosis affect fertility and miscarriage rates?
Decreases fertility and increases risk of miscarriage
Increases fertility and increases risk of miscarriage
Decreases fertility and decreases risk of miscarriage
Increases fertility and decreases risk of miscarriage
Explanation
Endometriosis will increases risk of both infertility and of miscarriage. This may be due to a paracrine effect as hormones are released locally by ectopic endometrial tissue, causing disruptions in hormone levels required for implantation and for sustaining an implanted embryo before the formation of the placenta.
How can endometriosis affect fertility and miscarriage rates?
Decreases fertility and increases risk of miscarriage
Increases fertility and increases risk of miscarriage
Decreases fertility and decreases risk of miscarriage
Increases fertility and decreases risk of miscarriage
Explanation
Endometriosis will increases risk of both infertility and of miscarriage. This may be due to a paracrine effect as hormones are released locally by ectopic endometrial tissue, causing disruptions in hormone levels required for implantation and for sustaining an implanted embryo before the formation of the placenta.