The Tzanck smear stains for the presence of multinucleated giant cells that are formed as a result of fusion of cell membranes due to insertion of viral proteins into the membrane. Tzanck smear does not detect the presence of inclusion bodies, dead cells, herpes DNA, or cell envelope.

Adenoviruses are non-enveloped viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid. The capsid contains 12 pentons at each vertices with 12 fibers projecting from the vertices. The genome is a linear double stranded DNA with terminal protein. Viral attachment proteins are present in the fibers projecting from the vertices of the virions.

The additional characteristics of adenovirus include the following:

• The virions replicate in the nucleus
• Encode proteins to promote mRNA and DNA synthesis, including its own DNA polymerase
• Infects epithelial cells lining respiratory and enteric organs
• Virus can become latent in lymphoid tissue and can be reactivated by immunosuppression or infection with other agents
• Forms basophilic intranuclear inclusions within an infected epithelial cell

Last, they are commonly associated with respiratory diseases, adenoviral pneumonia, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, and pharyngoconjunctival fever.

Adenoviruses are non-enveloped viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid. The capsid contains 12 pentons at each vertices with 12 fibers projecting from the vertices. The genome is a linear double stranded DNA with terminal protein. Viral attachment proteins are present in the fibers projecting from the vertices of the virions.

The additional characteristics of adenovirus include the following:

• The virions replicate in the nucleus
• Encode proteins to promote mRNA and DNA synthesis, including its own DNA polymerase
• Infects epithelial cells lining respiratory and enteric organs
• Virus can become latent in lymphoid tissue and can be reactivated by immunosuppression or infection with other agents
• Forms basophilic intranuclear inclusions within an infected epithelial cell

Last, they are commonly associated with respiratory diseases, adenoviral pneumonia, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, and pharyngoconjunctival fever.

The Tzanck smear stains for the presence of multinucleated giant cells that are formed as a result of fusion of cell membranes due to insertion of viral proteins into the membrane. Tzanck smear does not detect the presence of inclusion bodies, dead cells, herpes DNA, or cell envelope.

Rickettsia, chlamydia, prions, and viroids can be distinguished from viruses, but not by just one of the mentioned criteria. While all of these groups are obligate intracellular organisms, only the viruses are parasites with an absolute intracellular requirement, which also depend on the machinery of the host cell for replication. Prions are small infectious protein particles. Viroids are subviral infectious nucleic acids, which lack even the protein capsid found in viruses. Viruses may contain a genome of DNA or RNA, so the presence of an RNA genome is indicative of a virus, but the presence of a DNA genome is not.

Rickettsia, chlamydia, prions, and viroids can be distinguished from viruses, but not by just one of the mentioned criteria. While all of these groups are obligate intracellular organisms, only the viruses are parasites with an absolute intracellular requirement, which also depend on the machinery of the host cell for replication. Prions are small infectious protein particles. Viroids are subviral infectious nucleic acids, which lack even the protein capsid found in viruses. Viruses may contain a genome of DNA or RNA, so the presence of an RNA genome is indicative of a virus, but the presence of a DNA genome is not.

Orchitis due to mumps has decreased significantly due to vaccination, but it is still a significant risk in unvaccinated individuals. Mumps-related orchitis can result in testicular failure later in life. None of the other microbial infections listed have an association with orchitis.

Aspergillus flavus is a mold species commonly found in peanut butter and many other foods. It produces aflatoxin, a toxin linked to increased risk of liver cell cancer. The other mold species listed are not considered to be related to liver cancer. Cladosporium species are rarely harmful to humans. Penicillium species produce antibiotics, which we commonly use to treat infections. Mucor species cannot grow in warm temperatures, and are unable to infect humans, with the exception of certain heat-tolerant strains, which may cause some zygomycosis.

Orchitis due to mumps has decreased significantly due to vaccination, but it is still a significant risk in unvaccinated individuals. Mumps-related orchitis can result in testicular failure later in life. None of the other microbial infections listed have an association with orchitis.

Aspergillus flavus is a mold species commonly found in peanut butter and many other foods. It produces aflatoxin, a toxin linked to increased risk of liver cell cancer. The other mold species listed are not considered to be related to liver cancer. Cladosporium species are rarely harmful to humans. Penicillium species produce antibiotics, which we commonly use to treat infections. Mucor species cannot grow in warm temperatures, and are unable to infect humans, with the exception of certain heat-tolerant strains, which may cause some zygomycosis.