Organic Functional Groups and Molecules

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Organic Chemistry › Organic Functional Groups and Molecules

Questions 1 - 10
1

What is the IUPAC name of the molecule shown?

Img 1324

Methylcyclohexane

Methylcycloheptane

1-Methylcyclohexane

1-Methylcycloheptane

Explanation

The molecule's longest carbon chain has 6 carbons (thus, "hex-"), and the lack of double bonds makes it an alkane (thus "hexane"). The longest chain is a ring structure (thus "cyclohexane"), and the one branching group is a carbon chain consisting of one carbon and no double bonds (a "methyl" group). Because there are no other functional groups on the molecule there is no need to put a number before the location of the methyl group (thus "methylcyclohexane").

2

Ephedrine (shown below) contains what type of amine?

Mcat_problem_set_1

Secondary

Primary

Tertiary

Quaternary

Neutral

Explanation

A secondary amine is an amine (nitrogen atom) that is attached to two carbon-containing groups (alkyl groups or aryl groups). The nitrogen in ephedrine is attached to two alkyl groups, making it a secondary amine.

Primary amines are generally written as . Secondary amines are generally written as . A tertiary amine will be bound to three different R-groups. Quaternary amines require a positive charge on the nitrogen atom to accommodate a fourth R-group.

3

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

Screen shot 2016 02 17 at 7.32.41 pm

Explanation

The longest carbon chain is carbons long (thus ""), and the lack of double bonds makes it an alkane (thus ""). The highest priority functional group is the carboxylic acid group, and the suffix of the IUPAC name should reflect the highest priority functional group (thus ""). Because the carboxylic acid group is assumed to lie on carbon number there is no need to designate a locand for this functional group. The other substituents of this molecule are the methyl groups on carbons and when numbering the chain from left to right. Thus, the name is .

4

What is the IUPAC name of the molecule shown?

Img 1324

Methylcyclohexane

Methylcycloheptane

1-Methylcyclohexane

1-Methylcycloheptane

Explanation

The molecule's longest carbon chain has 6 carbons (thus, "hex-"), and the lack of double bonds makes it an alkane (thus "hexane"). The longest chain is a ring structure (thus "cyclohexane"), and the one branching group is a carbon chain consisting of one carbon and no double bonds (a "methyl" group). Because there are no other functional groups on the molecule there is no need to put a number before the location of the methyl group (thus "methylcyclohexane").

5

Img 0640

Identify the main functional groups in the pictured molecule.

Benzene, imine, aldehyde

Benzene, amide, aldehyde

Phenol, amine, ketone

Phenol, imine, ketone

Explanation

Img 0641

1. Benzene

2. Imine

3. Aldehyde

6

Img 0640

Identify the main functional groups in the pictured molecule.

Benzene, imine, aldehyde

Benzene, amide, aldehyde

Phenol, amine, ketone

Phenol, imine, ketone

Explanation

Img 0641

1. Benzene

2. Imine

3. Aldehyde

7

What is the IUPAC name of the molecule shown?

Img 1324

Methylcyclohexane

Methylcycloheptane

1-Methylcyclohexane

1-Methylcycloheptane

Explanation

The molecule's longest carbon chain has 6 carbons (thus, "hex-"), and the lack of double bonds makes it an alkane (thus "hexane"). The longest chain is a ring structure (thus "cyclohexane"), and the one branching group is a carbon chain consisting of one carbon and no double bonds (a "methyl" group). Because there are no other functional groups on the molecule there is no need to put a number before the location of the methyl group (thus "methylcyclohexane").

8

Ephedrine (shown below) contains what type of amine?

Mcat_problem_set_1

Secondary

Primary

Tertiary

Quaternary

Neutral

Explanation

A secondary amine is an amine (nitrogen atom) that is attached to two carbon-containing groups (alkyl groups or aryl groups). The nitrogen in ephedrine is attached to two alkyl groups, making it a secondary amine.

Primary amines are generally written as . Secondary amines are generally written as . A tertiary amine will be bound to three different R-groups. Quaternary amines require a positive charge on the nitrogen atom to accommodate a fourth R-group.

9

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

Screen shot 2016 02 17 at 7.32.41 pm

Explanation

The longest carbon chain is carbons long (thus ""), and the lack of double bonds makes it an alkane (thus ""). The highest priority functional group is the carboxylic acid group, and the suffix of the IUPAC name should reflect the highest priority functional group (thus ""). Because the carboxylic acid group is assumed to lie on carbon number there is no need to designate a locand for this functional group. The other substituents of this molecule are the methyl groups on carbons and when numbering the chain from left to right. Thus, the name is .

10

Identify the given organic functional group.

Fullsizerender-1

Aldehyde

Carboxylic acid

Acid anhydride

Ketone

Ester

Explanation

Aldehydes are carbonyls with one R-group and one hydrogen attached to the carbonyl carbon.

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