Organic Functional Groups and Molecules
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Organic Chemistry › Organic Functional Groups and Molecules
What is the IUPAC name of the molecule shown?
Methylcyclohexane
Methylcycloheptane
1-Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcycloheptane
Explanation
The molecule's longest carbon chain has 6 carbons (thus, "hex-"), and the lack of double bonds makes it an alkane (thus "hexane"). The longest chain is a ring structure (thus "cyclohexane"), and the one branching group is a carbon chain consisting of one carbon and no double bonds (a "methyl" group). Because there are no other functional groups on the molecule there is no need to put a number before the location of the methyl group (thus "methylcyclohexane").
Ephedrine (shown below) contains what type of amine?

Secondary
Primary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Neutral
Explanation
A secondary amine is an amine (nitrogen atom) that is attached to two carbon-containing groups (alkyl groups or aryl groups). The nitrogen in ephedrine is attached to two alkyl groups, making it a secondary amine.
Primary amines are generally written as . Secondary amines are generally written as
. A tertiary amine will be bound to three different R-groups. Quaternary amines require a positive charge on the nitrogen atom to accommodate a fourth R-group.
What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

Explanation
The longest carbon chain is carbons long (thus "
"), and the lack of double bonds makes it an alkane (thus "
"). The highest priority functional group is the carboxylic acid group, and the suffix of the IUPAC name should reflect the highest priority functional group (thus "
"). Because the carboxylic acid group is assumed to lie on carbon number
there is no need to designate a locand for this functional group. The other substituents of this molecule are the methyl groups on carbons
and
when numbering the chain from left to right. Thus, the name is
.
What is the IUPAC name of the molecule shown?
Methylcyclohexane
Methylcycloheptane
1-Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcycloheptane
Explanation
The molecule's longest carbon chain has 6 carbons (thus, "hex-"), and the lack of double bonds makes it an alkane (thus "hexane"). The longest chain is a ring structure (thus "cyclohexane"), and the one branching group is a carbon chain consisting of one carbon and no double bonds (a "methyl" group). Because there are no other functional groups on the molecule there is no need to put a number before the location of the methyl group (thus "methylcyclohexane").
Identify the main functional groups in the pictured molecule.
Benzene, imine, aldehyde
Benzene, amide, aldehyde
Phenol, amine, ketone
Phenol, imine, ketone
Explanation
1. Benzene
2. Imine
3. Aldehyde
Identify the main functional groups in the pictured molecule.
Benzene, imine, aldehyde
Benzene, amide, aldehyde
Phenol, amine, ketone
Phenol, imine, ketone
Explanation
1. Benzene
2. Imine
3. Aldehyde
What is the IUPAC name of the molecule shown?
Methylcyclohexane
Methylcycloheptane
1-Methylcyclohexane
1-Methylcycloheptane
Explanation
The molecule's longest carbon chain has 6 carbons (thus, "hex-"), and the lack of double bonds makes it an alkane (thus "hexane"). The longest chain is a ring structure (thus "cyclohexane"), and the one branching group is a carbon chain consisting of one carbon and no double bonds (a "methyl" group). Because there are no other functional groups on the molecule there is no need to put a number before the location of the methyl group (thus "methylcyclohexane").
Ephedrine (shown below) contains what type of amine?

Secondary
Primary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Neutral
Explanation
A secondary amine is an amine (nitrogen atom) that is attached to two carbon-containing groups (alkyl groups or aryl groups). The nitrogen in ephedrine is attached to two alkyl groups, making it a secondary amine.
Primary amines are generally written as . Secondary amines are generally written as
. A tertiary amine will be bound to three different R-groups. Quaternary amines require a positive charge on the nitrogen atom to accommodate a fourth R-group.
What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

Explanation
The longest carbon chain is carbons long (thus "
"), and the lack of double bonds makes it an alkane (thus "
"). The highest priority functional group is the carboxylic acid group, and the suffix of the IUPAC name should reflect the highest priority functional group (thus "
"). Because the carboxylic acid group is assumed to lie on carbon number
there is no need to designate a locand for this functional group. The other substituents of this molecule are the methyl groups on carbons
and
when numbering the chain from left to right. Thus, the name is
.
Identify the given organic functional group.

Aldehyde
Carboxylic acid
Acid anhydride
Ketone
Ester
Explanation
Aldehydes are carbonyls with one R-group and one hydrogen attached to the carbonyl carbon.