Tone, Style, and Mood: Drama
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AP English Literature and Composition › Tone, Style, and Mood: Drama
Adapted from Act 1, Scene 1, ln. 78-119 of The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus by Christopher Marlowe (1604) in Vol. XIX, Part 2 of The Harvard Classics (1909-1914)
FAUSTUS: How am I glutted with conceit of this!
Shall I make spirits fetch me what I please,
Resolve me of all ambiguities,
Perform what desperate enterprise I will?
I’ll have them fly to India for gold,
Ransack the ocean for orient pearl,
And search all corners of the new-found world
For pleasant fruits and princely delicates;
I’ll have them read me strange philosophy
And tell the secrets of all foreign kings;
I’ll have them wall all Germany with brass,
And make swift Rhine circle fair Wittenberg;
I’ll have them fill the public schools with silk,
Wherewith the students shall be bravely clad;
I’ll levy soldiers with the coin they bring,
And chase the Prince of Parma from our land,
And reign sole king of all the provinces;
Yea, stranger engines for the brunt of war
Than was the fiery keel at Antwerp’s bridge,
I’ll make my servile spirits to invent.
\[Enter VALDES and CORNELIUS\]
Come, German Valdes and Cornelius,
And make me blest with your sage conference.
Valdes, sweet Valdes, and Cornelius,
Know that your words have won me at the last
To practice magic and concealed arts:
Yet not your words only, but mine own fantasy
That will receive no object, for my head
But ruminates on necromantic skill.
Philosophy is odious and obscure,
Both law and physic are for petty wits;
Divinity is basest of the three,
Unpleasant, harsh, contemptible, and vile:
’Tis magic, magic, that hath ravish’d me.
Then, gentle friends, aid me in this attempt;
And I that have with concise syllogisms
Gravell’d the pastors of the German church,
And made the flowering pride of Wittenberg
Swarm to my problems, as the infernal spirits
On sweet Musaeigus, when he came to hell,
Will be as cunning as Agrippa was,
Whose shadows made all Europe honor him.
Which of the following best describes Faustus' tone in this passage?
Haughty and whimsical
Caustic and bitter
Jovial and reverent
Apathetic and morose
Choleric and didactic
Explanation
The speaker's tone in this passage is best described as haughty and whimsical. The first half of the passage (until the entry of Valdes and Cornelius) functions as Faustus' whimsical imagining of the things he might do with the help of the spirits (or dark arts). His imagining is lengthy and detailed, and shows his willingness to allow his flights of fancy their full depth. His imaginings also, by placing him in a position of unlimited power, hint at his own high self-regard. His tone in the second half shows his own pride and arrogance at his achievements and his intelligence. His renunciations of all other scholars and disciplines shows his low opinion of others.
While he is caustic in his appraisal of the sciences, his tone throughout is more excited about the future than bitter about the past. While he is fairly jovial (or at least pleased with himself), his tone is actively irreverent. Since he is so excited, it would be difficult to characterize his tone as either apathetic or morose. His tone is not didactic since he is mostly speaking to or about himself, and imagining or planning what he will do, he is not giving instructions or trying to teach anyone else.
Adapted from Act 1, Scene 1, ln. 78-119 of The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus by Christopher Marlowe (1604) in Vol. XIX, Part 2 of The Harvard Classics (1909-1914)
FAUSTUS: How am I glutted with conceit of this!
Shall I make spirits fetch me what I please,
Resolve me of all ambiguities,
Perform what desperate enterprise I will?
I’ll have them fly to India for gold,
Ransack the ocean for orient pearl,
And search all corners of the new-found world
For pleasant fruits and princely delicates;
I’ll have them read me strange philosophy
And tell the secrets of all foreign kings;
I’ll have them wall all Germany with brass,
And make swift Rhine circle fair Wittenberg;
I’ll have them fill the public schools with silk,
Wherewith the students shall be bravely clad;
I’ll levy soldiers with the coin they bring,
And chase the Prince of Parma from our land,
And reign sole king of all the provinces;
Yea, stranger engines for the brunt of war
Than was the fiery keel at Antwerp’s bridge,
I’ll make my servile spirits to invent.
\[Enter VALDES and CORNELIUS\]
Come, German Valdes and Cornelius,
And make me blest with your sage conference.
Valdes, sweet Valdes, and Cornelius,
Know that your words have won me at the last
To practice magic and concealed arts:
Yet not your words only, but mine own fantasy
That will receive no object, for my head
But ruminates on necromantic skill.
Philosophy is odious and obscure,
Both law and physic are for petty wits;
Divinity is basest of the three,
Unpleasant, harsh, contemptible, and vile:
’Tis magic, magic, that hath ravish’d me.
Then, gentle friends, aid me in this attempt;
And I that have with concise syllogisms
Gravell’d the pastors of the German church,
And made the flowering pride of Wittenberg
Swarm to my problems, as the infernal spirits
On sweet Musaeigus, when he came to hell,
Will be as cunning as Agrippa was,
Whose shadows made all Europe honor him.
Which of the following best describes Faustus' tone in this passage?
Haughty and whimsical
Caustic and bitter
Jovial and reverent
Apathetic and morose
Choleric and didactic
Explanation
The speaker's tone in this passage is best described as haughty and whimsical. The first half of the passage (until the entry of Valdes and Cornelius) functions as Faustus' whimsical imagining of the things he might do with the help of the spirits (or dark arts). His imagining is lengthy and detailed, and shows his willingness to allow his flights of fancy their full depth. His imaginings also, by placing him in a position of unlimited power, hint at his own high self-regard. His tone in the second half shows his own pride and arrogance at his achievements and his intelligence. His renunciations of all other scholars and disciplines shows his low opinion of others.
While he is caustic in his appraisal of the sciences, his tone throughout is more excited about the future than bitter about the past. While he is fairly jovial (or at least pleased with himself), his tone is actively irreverent. Since he is so excited, it would be difficult to characterize his tone as either apathetic or morose. His tone is not didactic since he is mostly speaking to or about himself, and imagining or planning what he will do, he is not giving instructions or trying to teach anyone else.
MEPHISTOPHELES: Within the bowels of these elements,
Where we are tortured and remain forever.
Hell hath no limits, nor is circumscribed
In one self place, for where we are is hell,
And where hell is must we ever be. (5)
And, to conclude, when all the world dissolves,
And every creature shall be purified,
All places shall be hell that is not heaven.
(1604)
What is the tone of this passage?
Grave
Jocose
Moribund
Cacophonous
Venerable
Explanation
This passage discusses torture, punishment, and eternity in somber, serious tones. The passage is certainly not "jocose" (playful, mirthful) or "cacophonous" (clangorous). "Venerable," which means distinguished or respected, is not a word normally applied to a passage’s tone, nor is "moribund," which means dying.
Passage adapted from Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus (1604)
MEPHISTOPHELES: Within the bowels of these elements,
Where we are tortured and remain forever.
Hell hath no limits, nor is circumscribed
In one self place, for where we are is hell,
And where hell is must we ever be. (5)
And, to conclude, when all the world dissolves,
And every creature shall be purified,
All places shall be hell that is not heaven.
(1604)
What is the tone of this passage?
Grave
Jocose
Moribund
Cacophonous
Venerable
Explanation
This passage discusses torture, punishment, and eternity in somber, serious tones. The passage is certainly not "jocose" (playful, mirthful) or "cacophonous" (clangorous). "Venerable," which means distinguished or respected, is not a word normally applied to a passage’s tone, nor is "moribund," which means dying.
Passage adapted from Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus (1604)
Passage adapted from Cyrano de Bergerac by Edmond Rostand (1897)
Translated by Gladys Thomas and Mary F. Guillemard (in public domain)
\[Cyrano speaks to Roxane.\]
CYRANO:
- Ay, true, the feeling
- Which fills me, terrible and jealous, truly
- Love,--which is ever sad amid its transports!
- Love,--and yet, strangely, not a selfish passion!
- I for your joy would gladly lay mine own down,
- --E'en though you never were to know it,--never!
- --If but at times I might--far off and lonely,--
- Hear some gay echo of the joy I bought you!
- Each glance of thine awakes in me a virtue,--
- A novel, unknown valor. Dost begin, sweet,
- To understand? So late, dost understand me?
- Feel'st thou my soul, here, through the darkness mounting?
- Too fair the night! Too fair, too fair the moment!
- That I should speak thus, and that you should hearken!
- Too fair! In moments when my hopes rose proudest,
- I never hoped such guerdon. Naught is left me
- But to die now! Have words of mine the power
- To make you tremble,--throned there in the branches?
- Ay, like a leaf among the leaves, you tremble!
- You tremble! For I feel,--an if you will it,
- Or will it not,--your hand's beloved trembling
- Thrill through the branches, down your sprays of jasmine!
The overall tone of the speech is .
joyful
enraged
despairing
valedictory
compassionate
Explanation
The tone of this speech is joyful.
During the course of the speech it dawns on Cyrano that he's telling Roxane how he loves her, and that she may actually be hearing and understanding him at last. All of the negative images in the speech -- death, loneliness, isolation, sacrifice -- are contrasted with that glorious fact, and Cyrano decides that the joy of this moment would outweigh any future pain:
"Feel'st thou my soul, here, through the darkness mounting?
Too fair the night! Too fair, too fair the moment!"
NESTOR: Tell him of Nestor, one that was a man
When Hector's grandsire suck'd: he is old now;
But if there be not in our Grecian host
One noble man that hath one spark of fire,
To answer for his love, tell \[them\] from me (5)
I'll hide my silver beard in a gold beaver
And in my vantbrace put this wither'd brawn…
I'll prove this truth with my three drops of blood.
… ULYSSES: Give pardon to my speech:
Therefore 'tis meet Achilles meet not Hector. (10)
What is the tone of Nestor’s speech?
Resolute
Chastised
Acerbic
Allegorical
Enigmatic
Explanation
In his speech, Nestor makes it clear that he has little love for cowards. (“But if there be not in our Grecian host / One noble man that hath one spark of fire, / To answer for his love…”) However, he is not actively bitter or acerbic, so resolute is the best choice.
Passage adapted from William Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida (1602).
NESTOR: Tell him of Nestor, one that was a man
When Hector's grandsire suck'd: he is old now;
But if there be not in our Grecian host
One noble man that hath one spark of fire,
To answer for his love, tell \[them\] from me (5)
I'll hide my silver beard in a gold beaver
And in my vantbrace put this wither'd brawn…
I'll prove this truth with my three drops of blood.
… ULYSSES: Give pardon to my speech:
Therefore 'tis meet Achilles meet not Hector. (10)
What is the tone of Nestor’s speech?
Resolute
Chastised
Acerbic
Allegorical
Enigmatic
Explanation
In his speech, Nestor makes it clear that he has little love for cowards. (“But if there be not in our Grecian host / One noble man that hath one spark of fire, / To answer for his love…”) However, he is not actively bitter or acerbic, so resolute is the best choice.
Passage adapted from William Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida (1602).
Passage adapted from Cyrano de Bergerac by Edmond Rostand (1897)
Translated by Gladys Thomas and Mary F. Guillemard (in public domain)
\[Cyrano speaks to Roxane.\]
CYRANO:
- Ay, true, the feeling
- Which fills me, terrible and jealous, truly
- Love,--which is ever sad amid its transports!
- Love,--and yet, strangely, not a selfish passion!
- I for your joy would gladly lay mine own down,
- --E'en though you never were to know it,--never!
- --If but at times I might--far off and lonely,--
- Hear some gay echo of the joy I bought you!
- Each glance of thine awakes in me a virtue,--
- A novel, unknown valor. Dost begin, sweet,
- To understand? So late, dost understand me?
- Feel'st thou my soul, here, through the darkness mounting?
- Too fair the night! Too fair, too fair the moment!
- That I should speak thus, and that you should hearken!
- Too fair! In moments when my hopes rose proudest,
- I never hoped such guerdon. Naught is left me
- But to die now! Have words of mine the power
- To make you tremble,--throned there in the branches?
- Ay, like a leaf among the leaves, you tremble!
- You tremble! For I feel,--an if you will it,
- Or will it not,--your hand's beloved trembling
- Thrill through the branches, down your sprays of jasmine!
The overall tone of the speech is .
joyful
enraged
despairing
valedictory
compassionate
Explanation
The tone of this speech is joyful.
During the course of the speech it dawns on Cyrano that he's telling Roxane how he loves her, and that she may actually be hearing and understanding him at last. All of the negative images in the speech -- death, loneliness, isolation, sacrifice -- are contrasted with that glorious fact, and Cyrano decides that the joy of this moment would outweigh any future pain:
"Feel'st thou my soul, here, through the darkness mounting?
Too fair the night! Too fair, too fair the moment!"
PROSPERO:
- Ye elves of hills, brooks, standing lakes and groves,
- And ye that on the sands with printless foot
- Do chase the ebbing Neptune and do fly him
- When he comes back; you demi-puppets that
- By moonshine do the green sour ringlets make,
- Whereof the ewe not bites, and you whose pastime
- Is to make midnight mushrooms, that rejoice
- To hear the solemn curfew; by whose aid,
- Weak masters though ye be, I have bedimm'd
- The noontide sun, call'd forth the mutinous winds,
- And 'twixt the green sea and the azured vault
- Set roaring war: to the dread rattling thunder
- Have I given fire and rifted Jove's stout oak
- With his own bolt; the strong-based promontory
- Have I made shake and by the spurs pluck'd up
- The pine and cedar: graves at my command
- Have waked their sleepers, oped, and let 'em forth
- By my so potent art. But this rough magic
- I here abjure, and, when I have required
- Some heavenly music, which even now I do,
- To work mine end upon their senses that
- This airy charm is for, I'll break my staff,
- Bury it certain fathoms in the earth,
- And deeper than did ever plummet sound
- I'll drown my book.
The tone of this passage can best be described as .
hieratically commanding
intimately contemplative
tearfully reminiscent
violently contemptuous
ecstatically elated
Explanation
The correct answer is “hieratically commanding” — i.e., commanding in a mystical or priest-like style. Even if you don’t know the meaning of “hieratically”, you can still home in on the right answer through the process of elimination. The word “commanding” clearly fits, so that tells you that “hieratically commanding” is a possible correct response. “Intimately contemplative” and “tearfully reminiscent” can be easily eliminated. What about “violently contemptuous”? Prospero describes violence in his first sentence, but it’s all in the past. His second sentence is not violent at all, and there’s nothing contemptuous in the speech. That gets rid of “violently contemptuous.” Though Prospero is probably speaking with a lot of energy, his tone is not elated: we can eliminate “ecstatically elated”. That leaves us with “hieratically commanding” as the correct answer.
Passage adapted from William Shakespeare's The Tempest (1611)
RAPHAEL
The Sun, in ancient guise, competing
With brother spheres in rival song,
With thunder-march, his orb completing,
Moves his predestin'd course along;
His aspect to the powers supernal
Gives strength, though fathom him none may;
Transcending thought, the works eternal
Are fair as on the primal day.
GABRIEL
With speed, thought baffling, unabating,
Earth's splendour whirls in circling flight;
Its Eden-brightness alternating
With solemn, awe-inspiring night;
Ocean's broad waves in wild commotion,
Against the rocks' deep base are hurled;
And with the spheres, both rock and ocean
Eternally are swiftly whirled.
MICHAEL
And tempests roar in emulation
From sea to land, from land to sea,
And raging form, without cessation,
A chain of wondrous agency,
Full in the thunder's path careering,
Flaring the swift destructions play;
But, Lord, Thy servants are revering
The mild procession of thy day.
(1808)
The tone of the passage can best be described as .
foreboding
pastoral
reflective
ironic
confusing
Explanation
The first speaker's description of the normal course of the sun quickly gives way to descriptions of the ocean hurling itself against rocks and roaring tempests. The third speaker (Michael) warns that destruction is forthcoming, but people are unaware of the danger they face as they prepare for another day.
Passage adapted from Johann von Goethe's Faust (1808)