MCAT Biology

A comprehensive introduction to key biological concepts tested on the MCAT, focusing on cellular processes, genetics, and the integration of biological systems.

Cell Structure and FunctionGenetics and InheritanceBiological Molecules
Cellular Respiration and MetabolismMolecular Genetics and Gene ExpressionHuman Body Systems Integration
Genetic Testing and Personalized MedicineBiotechnology in Everyday LifeDisease Prevention and Vaccination
Active Recall and Spaced RepetitionCritical Reading and Data InterpretationTime Management and Pacing
Cell Structure and F...Genetics and Inherit...Biological MoleculesCellular Respiration...Molecular Genetics a...Human Body Systems I...Genetic Testing and ...Biotechnology in Eve...Disease Prevention a...Active Recall and Sp...Critical Reading and...Time Management and ...
Basic Concepts

Genetics and Inheritance

Passing Traits from One Generation to the Next

Genetics explains how traits and characteristics are passed down from parents to offspring. This field combines Mendel's foundational experiments with modern molecular biology.

Mendelian Inheritance

Genes are inherited in predictable patterns:

  • Dominant and Recessive Alleles: Dominant alleles mask the effects of recessive ones.
  • Punnett Squares: Visual tools to predict offspring genotypes.

Molecular Genetics

DNA is the molecule that stores genetic information. Genes, segments of DNA, code for proteins that determine traits.

Variations and Mutations

Genetic mutations can introduce new traits—sometimes beneficial, sometimes harmful. This variation drives evolution and diversity.

Real-Life Applications

Genetic testing can help diagnose diseases or identify carriers of genetic disorders, empowering informed health choices.

Examples

  • Eye color inheritance follows Mendelian patterns.

  • Cystic fibrosis results from a mutation in a single gene.

In a Nutshell

Genetics explains how traits are inherited and how genetic variation arises.

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Biological Molecules