MCAT Biology
A comprehensive introduction to key biological concepts tested on the MCAT, focusing on cellular processes, genetics, and the integration of biological systems.
Molecular Genetics and Gene Expression
From DNA to Protein: Decoding the Genetic Blueprint
DNA holds the instructions for building proteins, but how does this information get used?
Transcription
The process begins in the nucleus, where DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA).
Translation
The mRNA travels to ribosomes, where it is translated into a protein by matching codons with amino acids.
Regulation of Gene Expression
Not all genes are active at all times. Cells control which genes are turned on or off depending on their needs, which is crucial for development, adaptation, and health.
Modern Relevance
Techniques like CRISPR use this knowledge to edit genes, opening doors for treating genetic diseases.
Examples
Insulin production is controlled by gene expression in pancreas cells.
Gene editing technologies can correct faulty DNA sequences.
In a Nutshell
Molecular genetics explains how genes are transcribed and translated into proteins.